السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
With regards to your query, please be informed of the following:
1. A father is financially responsible for the basic needs of his poor children who are:
a) Unable to work or find suitable work
b) he has wealth in excess of his basic needs.
2. This is also true for his married daughters whose needs are not covered by their husbands, with the conditions mentioned in point 1.
3. If a child is working, but does not earn enough to cover their basic needs, then it is an obligation on the father to cover the shortfall.
4. If conditions in point 1 are found, the father must seek a suitable income if able.
5. A father staying apart from his children does not absolve him of his financial responsibility.
6. Notwithstanding the above, the Shari’ah holds the children also responsible for their parents if they are poor.
والله تعالى أعلم
And Allah knows best
Mft A Khan
Research Assistant: Ml A Omar
النصوص المستندة إليها
الإقناع
(ﻭﺃﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﻢ) ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺻﻮﻝ. (ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺷﺮاﺋﻂ) ﺃﻱ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ. (اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭاﻟﺼﻐﺮ) ﻟﻌﺠﺰﻫﻢ. (ﺃﻭ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭاﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭاﻟﺠﻨﻮﻥ) ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻬﻢ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﺫﻭﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻭﻛﺬا ﺇﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺳﻮاء ﻓﻴﻪ اﻻﺑﻦ ﻭاﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ.
ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ: ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻁ اﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻮﺿﻮﺣﻪ، ﻭاﻟﻤﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ – ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ -: «ﺧﺬﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻚ ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﻟﺪﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ» ﻭﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﺎﺓ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺰﺓ.
حاشية البجيرمي على الخطيب
(ﻭﻛﺬا ﺇﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا) ﺃﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﺃﺝ. ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻻﺋﻘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ
شرح منهج الطلاب
(ﻭﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮاﻥ) ﺃﻱ ﺃﺏ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻼ ﻭﺃﻡ (ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻷﺏ) ﻣﺆﻧﺘﻪ ﺻﻐﻴﺮا ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎ ﺃﻣﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ {ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﻦ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﺂﺗﻮﻫﻦ ﺃﺟﻮﺭﻫﻦ} [ اﻟﻄﻼﻕ: 6]
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻓﺒﺎﻻﺳﺘﺼﺤﺎﺏ
تحفة المحتاج
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺴﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻓﺘﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮ، ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﺮ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ
