السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
1. Interest in the Sharʿī status of milk banks and their social consequences was first raised in the 80s. Scholarly opinion at the time was divided.
2. One group of scholars adopted the position that milk banks do not present an unlawful phenomenon, and that the negative consequences that may possibly be perceived to flow from them could be satisfactorily mitigated. Included in this group were ʿulamā such as Shaykh Aḥmad Huraydi (the Mufti of Egypt for the period 1960 to 1970) and Dr Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī.
3. Another group held the view that milk banks should not be allowed. In December 1985 the Fiqh Academy of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC, an umbrella body representing over 50 Muslim countries) passed a resolution that declared milk banks unlawful and prohibited their establishment.
4. The OIC resolution rests upon three considerations:
4.1 Milk banks represent a foreign encroachment upon Islamic culture.
4.2 Since breastfeeding, in terms of Sharīʿah, creates a relationship analogous to kinship by blood, milk banking creates social complications.
4.3 The availability of natural breastfeeding by persons other than the mother makes milk banking unnecessary.
5. Our reading of the situation at Milk Matters, however, leads us to conclude that—
5.1 considering that the beneficiaries of this kind of institution tend to be premature and low weight babies from primarily underprivileged families, the milk banking to which your query pertains represents not a cultural encroachment, but a social imperative;
5.2 the potential of social complications through milk-kinship is mitigated by the combined elements of separate storage, unambiguous identification of donors, and access to records;
5.3 if generalized, the assumption that alternative natural breastfeeding is always available would be quite displaced;
As such, we have no hesitation in stating that there are no impediments for Muslims to donate or receive milk from a milk bank such as the one run by Milk Matters.
We would urge, however, that where Muslim children are beneficiaries, a register be kept that identifies the donors from whose milk each child was fed.
والله تعالى أعلم
And Allah knows best.
(Issued: March 2017)
